The Contribution of the Luxury Fashion Industry in Economic Development of the World

Introduction From time in memorial the fashion industry has made significant impacts to the politics, economy, education and art of various cultures. Today, as illustrated by Brun et al. (2008 p. 558), it marks as a significant element of increasing globalisation.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Contribution of the Luxury Fashion Industry in Economic Development of the World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Furthermore, Brun et al. (2008 p. 548) brings out the significance of the industry with a meaning of luxury as opposed to asserting that the products and services are exclusive to the wealthy and powerful in the society. Luxury is a ‘soft or extravagant living, sumptuousness, opulence’’. In the ancient times, the colours and features of the clothes worn indicated the social and political classes of the people and expressed the power vested in people who adorned certain clothes or apparel. In 21st Century, it is essential to note that not much has changed in this regard. The luxury fashion industry is marked by willingness to spend to get the best outfit that builds expression, perception and recognition. In essence, from an economic point of view where costs are minimized to get higher profits, developing and managing the luxury fashion brand is a difficult and long process. Notwithstanding, getting their contribution to economic development and growth requires a consistent, integrated, innovative and rigours strategy. With such controls, obtaining feedback auditing and other relevant information is significant in this endeavour. Various authors and researchers have tried to estimate the fashion industry growth and its significance. For instance, Datamonitor (2009) have put down that the global luxury fashion sector is estimated to be worth about US $ 130 billion with an annual growth rate of approximately 20%. The global fashion industry significance to the national economies is fundamental in their consumers. As such, their growth is inevitable. However, the gap exists, other than the industry growth and development, but the contribution to economic development and growth of the world is missing. The industry is dominant in countries like the United States of America, Spain, France, China and Italy.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This fact does not disqualify its presence and active contribution to the GDP of other countries. However, enough data, justification, input and CPIs with regard to its contribution in economic growth and economic development of the world pushes the researcher to this determination. This information will have a fundamental impact in the level of reliance to the luxury fashion industry sector. Again, it will open the market for more countries to channel or withdraw their resources to or f rom the industry. Hypothesis Null Hypothesis The fashion industry has very little contribution to the economic development of the world. In essence, the luxury fashion industry has no significant contribution to the economic development of the world or the economic growth. Alternative Hypothesis The fashion industry contributes significantly to the economic development of the world economy. This means that the luxury fashion industry has a major impact in the economic development of the world as well as the economic growth. It is therefore critical that we determine, through scientific methods and approaches, the level of contribution of the luxury fashion industry to economic development of the world. This indicates the critical quest for an effective study as a secondary invention to go through the world national economies as well as its commercial industry. Methodology The study will involve use of qualitative and quantitative research. Thus, assume the research design on data us ed. According to Sounders, Lewis Thornhill (2003), the deductive approach will be used to determine the quantitative data. On the other hand, the inductive approach will be applied in measuring and ascertaining the qualitative data. As such, the literature review will involve evaluation of secondary data in an effort to rely on empirical evidence and utilise the necessary concepts. Subsequently, analysis of the field research data shall be undertaken to focus on the objective of the study (Sounders, Lewis Thornhill 2003).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Contribution of the Luxury Fashion Industry in Economic Development of the World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Presuppositions of the ethical neutrality shall be considered while collecting data with adequate and correct placement of statement on the population objects being the MOschino following the probabilistic predictions. The field data wil l be from MOschino Fashion Company since it is the most dominant company in the international scale. Again, its products are used all over the countries. As such, reviewing of its data on sales, imports, exports and exchange of goods will have a sense of input or output from over 80% of the world nations (Sounders, Lewis Thornhill 2003). Results It is quite evident that the luxury fashion industry is dominant from the international scale marked with cross border international business. The development from the general scale is influenced by the frequency of the luxury fashion industry. It revealed that during the year 2009 to 2012, the global luxury fashion sector (on MOSchino statistics, and financial statements) is estimated to have transacted a turnover of about US $ 100 billion with an annual growth rate of approximately 12%. Discussion and conclusion A turnover of about US $ 100 billion with an annual growth rate of approximately 12% within three years is a big figure. This ind icates a significant contribution of the fashion industry sector to the economic development and growth. As such, the researcher is left to refute the null hypothesis that the luxury fashion industry has not contribution to world economic development. Rather, the researchers agrees to the alternative hypothesis that the fashion industry contributes significantly to the economic development of the world economy. References Brun, A, Caniato, F, Caridi, M, Castelli, C, Miragliotta, G, Ronchi, G, Sianesi, A, Spina, G (2008). Logistics and supply chain management in luxury fashion retail: Empirical investigation of Italian firms. International Journal of Production Economics. Volume 114. Issue 2 pp. 554-570.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sounders, M, Lewis, P, Thornhill, A (2003). Research Methods for business students, 3rd ed. Prentice Hall, Pearson education limited: Italy. Datamonitor (2009). Clothing and footwear-Italy. Web. This research paper on The Contribution of the Luxury Fashion Industry in Economic Development of the World was written and submitted by user Desiree Holder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Fiscal Policy Paper Essays - Fiscal Policy, Free Essays, Term Papers

Fiscal Policy Paper Essays - Fiscal Policy, Free Essays, Term Papers Fiscal Policy Paper Instructor Sam Pirnazar ECO/372 July 27, 2015 Introduction Here we will discuss as a group of like minds how and why the USs deficits surplus and debt have an effect on tax payers and future social security and Medicare users. Now in many cases deficit can affect multitudes while a surplus creates positive results for those on the receiving end. As you may know debt requires the liability to be paid or the liability in some cases it may be repossessed or rendered bad credit to the individual. Now while Americans face issues with debt, surplus, and even deficit it is important to know that the United States deals with it first hand as well. Several areas the three topics affect include tax payers, unemployed, Social Security, Medicare, imports, exports, and the GDP. A synopsis of Team Bs discussion of the topics follows, however in this reading we will focus on Taxpayers, fyture social security and Medicare users. Tax payers Fiscal deficit means government expenditure exceeds its revenue in any particular year. All taxpayers are affected by U.S.'s deficit and debt. Higher government debt crowds out private investment in the form of higher taxes and inflation. Higher debt raises several question marks on government ability to repay it. Due to higher debt levels, risk premium increases, which leads to rise in interest rates. High interest rates negatively interest rate sensitive sectors of the economy such as real estate, consumer durable. High government deficit results in increasing US debt. In order to reduce the current deficit, government hikes tax rate on taxpayers. High debt and fiscal deficit affect US taxpayers in the form of tax hikes, high interest rate on debt, reduced social security benefits/programs and weakening of currency. The overall effect of all these measures results in lower purchasing power of taxpayers and they are left with less money to invest or spend. Fiscal surplus means government revenue exceeds its expenditure in any particular year. When the government runs surplus, it positively affect taxpayers. There are differing ways in which government could spend surplus money. The surplus money could be used to repay debt. Government can decide to issue tax refund to taxpayers or government can increase its spend on social security benefits and programs. The overall effect of all these measures results in higher purchasing power of taxpayers and they could spend or invest more money. Future Social Security and Medicare users The meaning of deficit is defined as, the amount by which something, especially a sum of money, is too small. The meaning of surplus is defined as, the amount of something leftover when requirements have been met; an excess of production or supply over demand. The meaning of debt is defined as, something that is, typically money, owed or overdue. Now that the terms are in order and understood, the answers to how and why can now be addressed. The reason that the United States deficit, surplus, and debt effect future Social Security users is the following; according to "The Medicare Newsgroup" (2015), "Medicare significantly contributes to the federal budget deficit only through its general revenue financing under its Medicare Medical Insurance (Part B) program. Its outlays financed under its Medicare Hospital Insurance (Part A) or by individual premiums are features of the programs expenditures, but do not show up in federal budget calculations (para. 1). Social Security is currently running a surplus, due to all of its revenue figures that get combined and calculated determining the payroll taxes, trust fund interest, and income taxes earned from some of the Social Security benefits (Morrissey, 2011). According to the Economic Policy Institute, Morrissey (2011), "The trust fund, which currently has $2.6 trillion dollars, is projected to grow to around $3.7 trillion in 2022. But once Social Security starts drawing down the principle in the trust fund to help pay for the Baby Boomer retirement, Social Security will be running a deficit. Also, Social Security is currently running a primary deficit, which means it would be running a deficit absent the interest on the trust fund. (Is Social Security running a deficit?). Conclusion Reference Morrissey, M. (2011). Economic Policy Institute. Retrieved from epi.org/blog/social-security-federal-deficit-part-1/ The Medicare Newsgroup. (2015). Retrieved from medicarenewsgroup.com/news/medicare-faqs/individual-faq?faqId=69028cf0-2ab2-453e-a43d-5f143debc68c How our national debt hurts our economy. (n.d.). Retrieved July

Electricity Industry in the U.S Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Electricity Industry in the U.S - Essay Example Coal is the leading electricity generating source. In 2013, 39.1% of electricity was generated using coal. Natural Gas was second with 27.4%. The nuclear source contributed to 19.4% of the total electricity generated in that year while renewable sources like solar and wind generation had 12.9%. Other sources of electricity had the least percentage of only 1.2%. Compared to the same data recorded in 2006, the share controlled by natural gases had dropped dramatically from 70%. Nuclear energy was contributed to 20% in 2006 while renewable energy rose from 3% in 2006. However, the percentage contributed by coal was not shown in 2006. Hence, it could be assumed that a coal production is a form of electricity generation in the US. The electricity industry in the U.S is comprised of several companies and stakeholders that offer services through electricity generation, transmission and distribution. Other industrial players are domestic and commercial market operators besides product sales personnel. A survey conducted in 1996 showed that there were at least 3200 utility firms engaging in power distribution. Among the 3200 firms, at most 1000 engaged in electricity generation (Only ten were government owned while the rest were private enterprises) (Blume, 2007, p. 83). In the US, electricity transmission is carried out under the supervision of independent system operators and regional transmission firms. The electricity transmitting organization focusses at offering equity services rather than being profit oriented. These utilities and organizations are controlled by public institutions, for example, Department of energy that generates electricity policies and Environmental Protection Policies that develop environmental policies.

Workplace Romance in the Hospitality Industry Research Paper

Workplace Romance in the Hospitality Industry - Research Paper Example As a result of this constant sharing of working space there remains a high chance of the workers in the hospitality industry getting romantically involved with each other. Every worker spends a considerable amount of the day in his or her office. Above that the workers in the hospitality industry work under stressful conditions like round the day duties and living up to the demands of people of different kinds. As a result seeking supports from co-workers and consequent blooming of romance between them is prevalent trend in this industry. In any office environment the co-workers share a lot of feeling like experiences, interests, fears, setbacks and achievements with each other. Therefore it can be seen that the factors responsible for giving birth to romance are always present in the working environment. The constant sharing of emotions may lead to the development of emotional and romantic leanings on each other. The usual office romance varies from casual flings and affairs to the more serious relationships. In the hospitality industry there are also many instances of sexual harassment between co-workers and the scholars have distinguished the workplace romance from sexual advances. Workplaces romances in have been defined as relationship based on mutual desire and physical attraction between the workers of the same organization. It is also necessary that the people have found each other through the course of their work and the relationship is consensual. For romance between workers separated by hierarchy it is important that the romance spreads beyond the traditional employer employee relationship. Workers from all age group have been found to be associated with workplace romance. However the highest probability of romance between colleagues lies in the age group from 35 to 44. In a survey almost 44% of the interviewee in this age group has admitted to date their co-workers (Pearce, 2010). Some very important points of discussion about workplace romance have been the causes for the development of the romance, the effect of office romance on the peers and environment of the office as well as on the people involved directly and the managerial decision or attitude towards accepting the romance (Odgers, 2004, pp 221-222; Burke, Mattis, 2005 p 153; Sias, 2009, p 140). It will be relevant to mention that many of the organizations have a defined policy on workplace romance though no such references could be found directly for the hospitality industry. It has often been debated whether workplace romance leads to better performance of the employees and also the effect of romance on the other co-workers Reasons and the Consequences of Office Romance According to Fiona M. Wilson (2007) the study of romance in office as a sociological subject started 30 years ago. Such studies were of immense interest for the management who wanted to know the consequence on the organization as a result of romances between the workers. According to Peter Corser (20 11), a person spends a third of their day in their office. Under such a situation the author finds it natural for romance to brew between the co-workers. Moreover it can also be mentioned here that for people working in a team the skills, experiences and the knowledge are very similar. Therefore there is a high chance of people sharing common interests and therefore finding each other attractive. However he has also noted that many organizations have discouraging policies for such romances. The organization has

Final project for LING 4100 topic2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Final project for LING 4100 topic2 - Assignment Example The two English languages are widely spread through out the world. For instance, Indian people were colonized by the British and hence adapted to the British English. Their English differs from that of American people, with strong annotation on the accents and pronunciation. The analysis will concentrate on Indian English, pointing out differences and similarities in relation to the North American English. English is the native language spoken in India, and everyone can communicate using English. However, their English is pretty much different from the American English. We concentrate on the dialogue in the news cast between the anchor interviewing Mr Davender Ghai. The interview is in relation to Ghai’s fight to acquire an open funeral pyre while in United Kingdom. Cremation is not allowed in the United Kingdom and the Hindu activist fights to acquire the chance to be cremated after his death. They engage in a tough interview that is carried out in the Indian studios at New C astle. We concentrate the analysis from the first question that the anchor asks Mr. Ghai. The question demands to get an answer as to why Mr. Ghai engaged into the fight of an open pyre when he is in the United Kingdom. The analysis will also cover the answer he gives and the process he follows to answer the directed question. The second question directed to him by the anchor seeks to enquire if Ghai fought for the legalization of open cremation for himself or for the entire Hindu people in the United Kingdom. The analysis looks into the second question and the answer given. Data Sample Ghai starts by interrupting the anchor with a â€Å"thank you† before he is welcomed. It shows a difference in response between American English and Indian English. The first question that the anchor asks is; â€Å"Can you tell us what made you go in for this legal battle, what did you really want to do? Ghai responds; â€Å"Well, see. My father always wanted a funeral pyre when he died in 1 979, because we could not send the body to India, we couldn’t afford it. So, when he died I was very very upset. Okay, then I found out in 1932, the princess of Nepal was given open funeral pyre in London.† The second question is; were you fighting this battle for yourself or for all Hindus in the United Kingdom? The dialect language used is the official English spoken world wide by the Indian people. Ghai answers; â€Å"Okay, hear, I am a man of charity and I run a charity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Date sample analysis Critically analyzing the first question, one can see that the language used differs from the North American English. The first difference noted is the pronunciation of the English words, and the use of verbs in the sentences. Going by the American way, the question is wrongfully constructed. Pronunciation of the entire sentence differs from the American way. Secondly, a verb is the most critical part of a sentence since it explains the subject’s action. The verb used in the question â€Å"go† is followed by adverb. This is uncommon with the American English. The use of an adverb after a verb is said to be grammatically incorrect in the American English. The other significant difference that can be noted in this dialect is the phonetic aspect. It can be learned that the Indians use the middle of their tongue just before the end to pronounce. This is the reason that the pronunciation is different from the American pronunciation.

Development In Social And Cultural Contexts

Development In Social And Cultural Contexts According to sociocultural theories, child development differentiates in different social and cultural contexts. Culturally- specific beliefs and practices in each sociocultural context influence childrens development in its unique way (Berk, 2009). This essay sets out to examine how Chinese childrens developments in academic knowledge and temperament are impacted by culturally-specific child rearing in Chinese society. Bronfenbrenners ecological systems theory and Vygotskys sociocultural theory are applied to analyse the general practices, the assumptions, the beliefs and the upheld values of child rearing in China. Definitions of Culture and Society Culture and society may mean different things to different people. For instance, society is defined as an association with ones fellowsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, the system of customs and organization adopted by a body of individualsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, the aggregate of people living together in a more or less ordered communityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ in the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (2002, p.2906, cited in New Zealand Tertiary College[NZTC], 2010). In this essay, society refers to the aggregate of people living together. Therefore, the Chinese society means the populations living in China. Culture in this essay refers to the distinctive customs, achievements, products, outlook, etc., of a societyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦as defined in the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (2002, p. 575, cited in NZTC, 2010). By culturally-specific child rearing practices within this essay, it means the consistent and similar child rearing practices adopted by Chinese, such as feeding, toilet training, sleeping arrangement, a nd discipline. Academic Knowledge and Temperament of shyness Generally speaking, there are three broad domains of child development: physical, emotional and social, and cognitive (Berk, 2009). This essay will focus on studying the influence of culturally-specific child rearing on Chinese childrens academic learning (cognitive development) and temperament (emotional and social development). In a study of Hong Kong-Chinese preschool childrens literacy skills, it is advised that: 75% of five years olds can write their names in Chinese correctly; more than 50% of four years olds can write appropriately using strokes and stroke patterns (the two smallest units in Chinese writings); 75% of three years olds can differentiate drawing from writing, and 20% can write appropriately (Chan Louies, 1992, cited in Chan, Juan, Foon, 2008). In international cross-cultural studies of reading, mathematics, and science achievement, children from all the participating Chinese cities, namely Hong Kong, Taiwan, Macao, are rated top performers, way above the international level (Programme for International Student Assessment, 2003, 2006, cited in Berk, 2009). Despite relevant high academic achievement, most cross-cultural studies define Chinese children as shy and withdrawn (Chen, Rubin, Li, 1995, Chen et al., 1998, cited in Berk, 2009). In a cross-cultural study of Chinese and Canadian two years olds, Chinese toddlers were found significantly more inhibited than Canadian ones (Chen et al., 1998, cited in Papalia, Olds, Feldman, 2004). Child rearing practices in the Ecological Systems According to Bronfenbrenner, the environment influencing child development can be classified into five different layers from the innermost to the outermost levels: microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and the chronosystem. The microsystem refers to childrens immediate environment, such as home and early childhood centre .The mesosystem is the interaction between the microsystems. Other social settings outside the immediate environment that affect childrens development make up the exosystem. The macrosystem includes cultural values, laws, customs, and resources. Chronosystem means the whole environment system is an ever-changing system. Any changes in life events imposed by others or by the children as they grow up can modify the systems (Berk, 2009). The child rearing practices in the respective systems that contribute to childrens development of relevant high academic performance and temperament of shyness are analysed as below. At home (microsystem), the childcare is mostly carried out by mothers. Chinese mothers are found to indulge their infants and toddlers in terms of feeding, sleeping (Roopnariane Carter, 1992, cited in Yunus, 2005). They always keep their children close to them and favour physical contact over verbal stimulation. The mothers start toilet training the babies when they are six months and most of they are successfully trained by one and half years old (Whiting Whiting, 1975, Sung, 1995, Lee, 1999, cited in Yunus, 2005). It is suggested by Kelly and Tseng (2000, cited in Yunus, 2005) that the over-indulgence and early rigid toilet training are positively related to Chinese childrens slow physical and motor development. The fathers role is to discipline children. The discipline is taught by induction: explicit statement of what exactly the child is expected to do and why. If the child doesnt do as told, some parents might resort to shaming the misbehaved child, retrieving their love or e ven physical punishment (Jose, Huntsinger, Huntsinger, Liaw, 2000, Schwalb, Nakazawa, Yamamoto, Hyun, 2004, cited in Berk, 2009). The parenting style is less warm and more controlling (Dehart, Sroufe, Cooper, 2004; Berk, 2009). Yunus(2005) suggests that Chinese parenting is more authoritarian compared to Western parenting. The communication pattern is one way: parent to child. At most times, children listen attentively to what parents say. Children are not to openly express opinions on certain issues (Chiew, 2000, Zhao, 2002, Akhtar, 1998, cited in Yunus, 2005), or to express strong emotions ever since they are babies (Berk, 2009). It is found that parents do little to help their children release emotions, encouraging them to hide the emotions (Chan, Bowes, Wyver, 2009).. Children are taught the emotion-feeling rules and display rules justified with moral reasons (Wang, 2006, cited in Chan et al., 2009). Being reared in an authoritarian way and taught the emotion display rules (hiding the emotions), Chinese children are inclined to be shy and withdrawn (Chan et. al., 2009). In terms of parents attitudes towards play, almost all Chinese parents discourage their children to play at home. They often tell their children Dont think of playing all the time. Learning is most important. Believing in the importance of academic learning, parents begin to teach their children to count and write since they are three in most cases. Therefore, for home activities as well as mother-child interaction, it would be mother teaching the child to write, count, and appropriate social behaviour through fable storytelling, especially respecting the elders (Pearson Rao, 2003). A recent survey shows that before children attend primary school, 88.6% parents teach their children reading, recognising Chinese characters and counting; 28.2% parents teach their children foreign language, and 20.3% parents tutor their children the courses for primary school (Wang, Wang, Chen, 2010). A lot of demonstration, time to practice academic skills, and explicit values of academic skills, faci litate Chinese childrens development in academic knowledge (Chan et al., 2008; Gershoff Aber, 2006, cited in Berk, 2009). Most Chinese parents send their children to kindergartens when they are three. The children will then spend eight to nine hours daily in the kindergarten (Liu Elicker, 2005). The interaction between Chinese parents and teachers (mesosystem) is limited (Schwartz, 2003, cited in Yunus, 2005). While parents do concern about their childrens learning, they assign the teaching responsibility to teachers, relying on the teachers for childrens learning in the kindergarten (Morrow, 1999, cited in Yunus, 2005). In a survey of parents expectations of kindergarten teaching, parents express their main aspirations for their children as possessing academic skills and filial piety (88%) (Xinyuan Kindergarten, 2010). Parents highly valuing academic skills urges teachers to put a lot of efforts in academic teaching to meet up their expectations. In China the child rearing is shared among the extended family (exosystem), especially grandparents take up a large role in raising the children. The filial piety and the whole system of family are greatly valued among the extended family (Yunus, 2005). Children are taught the importance of respecting the elders and the obligation to contribute to familys honour by behaving properly (Zhao, 2002, cited in Yunus, 2005). When children are shy, reticent, quiet, they are considered by the extended family to be well-behaved and having sense of understanding (Hart, Yang, Nelson, Robinson, Olsen, Nelson, Porter, Jin, Olsen, Wu, 2000). Children are constantly reminded that their first means to fulfil family responsibility and obligation is through education (Yunus, 2005). The expectation of academic achievement and honouring family reputations placed by the extended family put pressure on parents child education and childrens motivation towards high academic performance. In macrosystem, the Chinese families are greatly influenced by Confucian philosophy stressing the importance of academic achievement and social harmony. The following assumptions are deeply rooted in Chinese child rearing practices: children inherently penchant for the good; proper training during early childhood helps to build childrens positive character; formal education and high standards of academic achievement is important for childrens development (Yunus, 2005). It is the custom that parents are to provide an environment conducive to academic achievement, while children are to work hard for high performance in academics. Besides, Chinese value the doctrine of mean (Zhong Yong Zhi Dao in Mandarin), not being extreme. Inhibited, sensitive, and socially restrained behaviour are highly valued in the Chinese culture (Ho, 1986, Lao, 1996, Chen, in press, cited in Hart et al., 2000). It is partly because they prioritise the importance of maintaining social order and interpersonal har mony in the society at large in the collectivism society (Hart e al., 2000). The one-child policy in China also affects childrens development to a great extent. Having only one child, a lot of parents do their best to start their childrens education at the possible earliest age to make their children more advantaged within the intensely competitive Chinese educational system (Brassard Chen, 2005). Government also devote the increased resources to the care and education of children to support the families and to secure the countrys future generations success in the highly competitive economy (Dehart et al., 2004). In the chronosystem, while shyness is traditionally valued by parents and the society, recent researches indicate a change of peoples attitudes towards childrens shyness. With the rapid growth of the economy, assertiveness and sociability started to be viewed as desirable for success in the society (Chen, Wang, DeSouza, 2006, Yu, 2002, cited in Berk, 2009). It is reasonable to assume, with parents values swift, their way of interacting with children will change accordingly in the future, influencing childrens development in a different way. Figure 1. Chinese child rearing practices contributing to academic learning and shyness in the Ecological Systems. Vygotskys sociocultural theory According to Vygotskys sociocultural theory, each culture provides its own context and different goals for children (Drewery Bird, 2004). Vygotsky proposes that cultural influence children through cultural tools, which refer to the knowledge of cultural practices that help children fit into their cultural context, including language, rituals, ceremonies and social values and beliefs that guide peoples thinking (Crain, 2000, cited in NZTC, 2010). Vygotsky further suggests that the values, beliefs, customs and desirable skills of a culture are transmitted to the next generation through social interaction, in particular through scaffolding by adults and more-advanced peers (Rowe Wertsch, 2002, cited in Berk, 2009). In china, the selected goals for children are high academic achievement and maintaining social harmony. There goals are valued by the Confucian philosophy which still deeply influences the Chinese parents (Hart et al., 2000). Parents encourage children to develop these culturally valued skills at an early age of three. Children strive for these desirable skills to fit into the sociocultural context. Social value and belief of early formal education, cultural practices upholding the academics and proper social behaviour of respecting elders and shyness add to the Chinese cultural tools. All these cultural tools support the daily child rearing practices, educational activities, the routines, the child-adult interactions as analysed in the ecological systems (Crain, 2000, cited in NZTC, 2010). Through interaction with their parents, extended family, children learn, apply and internalize these cultural values and tools of academic learning and temperament of shyness. Conclusion Different sociocultural environment places different goals and expectations on children. When the sociocultural context changes over time, certain values and practices might change. Generally speaking, Chinese children are expected to fulfill the goals and expectations of academic achievement and maintaining social harmony placed by their parents, extended family, and society. The values, beliefs upheld by the society affect the parents and extended family, and the extended family and parents influence childrens development in academic learning and temperament through specific child rearing practices emphasising these skills.

Male-female Stereotypes and the War of the Sexes in The Promises of the

All of us have heard generalizations about the opposite sex. Most of us have said our share of them when the phone does not ring at the appointed hour or the love of our life mentions those dreaded words: â€Å"open relationship.† Men have trouble understanding women, and women have trouble understanding men. This problem is universal, extending through different cultures and time periods. The Egyptian folktale â€Å"The Promises of the Three Sisters† reflects the division between the sexes, a theme which is as relevant in our modern society as it was then. In â€Å"The Promises of the Three Sisters,† the king represents the male world. In his castle, he is completely isolated from all female elements; the only companion mentioned is a male advisor. When he goes down to the village, he is confronted by the female world, as represented by the three sisters. The sisters have a supernatural quality, which shows how mystical the female world appears to the king. The women are weaving, a traditional female activity associated with an almost magical creativity. They are orphans, so their origin is mysterious. Also, their hut is removed from the familiar and conventional village. Each sister promises the king something if he marries her. The older two promise him physical gratification: a cake that will feed him and his army and a carpet that will seat him and all his soldiers. The inclusion of his army is an appeal to the traditionally male value of force and power. The youngest sister promises him emotional satisfaction: twins, a boy and a girl. Her approach is more typically female, since it appeals to his personal feelings and includes a daughter in the bargain. The king responds to his first contact with the fem... ...ard female sexuality. The female protagonists in the story—Sitt el-Husn, the old woman, and the third sister—are asexual, while the sexually potent older sisters and the Long-Haired Lady are all seen as dangerous. The men in the story feel that â€Å"giving in† to a woman sexually is allowing that woman control over them, and they are not ready for women to be equal to them. â€Å"The Promises of the Three Sisters† was told in a male-dominated society, and thus it begins with negative stereotypes of women: the conniving sisters, the extremely sensitive Sitt el-Husn. However, as the story progresses, Sitt el-Husn breaks the stereotype and is seen by her brother as an equal. Shattering the male-female stereotypes is necessary in order to achieve understanding between the sexes. Reference Yolen, Jane, ed. Favorite Folktales from around the World. New York: Pantheon, 1986.

Analysis of Client/Consultant Interaction in the Case of Healix Consultancy Essay

Healix Risk Rating, the innovator of Healix Travel Black box – an anvanced tool in assessment of medical risk in travel insurance, is planning to launch the product into new market. As one of their appointed marketing consultancy team, we carried out the maket research and formulated a marketing plan for this project. During the implementation of the project, there are two main types of interaction involved that affects outcome of the project: intra-group interaction and client/consultant interaction, in which the later will be more focused. Based on my experience in this assignment, this reflective report is aimed to express my understanding of the applicability of learnt models and theories in client/consultant relationship as well as the limitations of the marketing consultancy service that we involves in. Key factors that determine a good consultancy project are not only the capability of consultants; financial capacity and readiness of clients; but also a strong collaboration from both sides and great emphasis on actual results instead of heavy focus on scope of work. Company description The Healix Travel Black Box offers the means for sellers of travel insurance to accurately and efficiently underwrite the increased risk associated to travellers with pre-existing medical conditions. The service is designed to be fully incorporated into the online sales processes and integrated into call centre sales processes, which allow customers to declare health conditions on the phone or online without making separate assessment with underwriters or waiting for doctors’ report. In other words, The Healix Travel Black Box provides a fully automated assessment and rating of medical risk which can be done in a couple of minutes. The Healix Travel Black Box has come as a global solution to travel insurance industry. The package is available to all regions where the public can directly buy travel incurance. The adoption of this technology is quickly spread across the globe, such as Australia, New Zealand , Canada, Denmark. And Healix Risk Rating in still on the way to seek new market for this advanced product. Summary of client/consultant process The situation in which our marketing consultancy came is when the company wants to efficiently market and launch the new product Black box into new travel insurance markets. This stage can be defined as Development stage – when client needs help at early stage of a new program. Early intervention of consultant show signs of consultee’s insightfulness and openness (Dewayne J. Kurpius, Dale A. Fuqua and Thaddeus Rozecki, 1993). Prior to the marketing plan, our team had to agree on a country of choice to market and sell the Black box. And then, we have to make a market research on that target market based on the following topics: (1) market value, (2) existing channels of distribution, (3) consumer buying behaviours, (4) average policy medical benefits and (5) how the handling of pre-existing medical conditions is currently dealt with. After obtaining the understanding of the target market, we worked out on problem identification, particularly the feasibility of the Black box launch in the country. Based on the market research, a outlined marketing plan was made prior to any detailed ones that were done later. As a marketing consultancy project done by a marketing consulting team, there are two main interaction factors during the implementation that influence the success of the project: intra-group interaction and client/consultant interaction. Intra-group interaction During the implementation, although our team had experienced many difficulties in order to obtain the relevant marketing information related to the topic, most team member is patient and very participative. We did have a clear plan to make the report in order to allocate the work to each member fairly. In order to make the job more efficiently, each member is encouraged to pick the piece(s) of work of his/her favour. Though the work of the some members is not as expected, however it is controlled promptly, thanks to regular meetings and good communication between team members. Client/Consultant interaction One of the shortcomings for us during the making of marketing plan for Healix is a lack of our understanding regarding the business situation, product development and financial capacity of the client. It is suggested that insuf? ient understanding of the client is key problem of most poor client-consulting relationships (Ford, 1985). Our limited knowledge regarding the product and business condition of Healix Risk Rating may expose us to risk of mis-identification of the real problem and consequently leading to an inapprorpiate marketing plan. On the other hand, ther is a lack of interaction from the client. The reflective practitioner model (Schon 1983) argues problems have to b e identified and solutions must be formulated in collaboration between client and consultant. During the knowledge transfer, the situation of the client should be clearly understood by the consultant, then the consultant will help the client reflect and understand the rationale for the client’s actions (Schon 1983 as cited in Nikolova, 2007). Clients then must work as reflective practitioners themselves. This reflective communication must be exchanged between client and consultant to facilitate expertise sharing. (Ibid p. 301). Schon views that Knowing-in-action implies that consultants would apply their knowledge gained from actiivities they have undertaken or situations they have experienced before. But for new and extremely sophisticated problems, the reflection-in-action is proper practice that consultant and clients need for the formulation of innovative solutions. In reflective practitioner model, the interaction between client and consultant is seen as a reflective communication. Schon views both consultants and clients as interdependent. Consequently, the relationship between client and consultant improves when expertise sharing and mutual understanding are focused. Client and consultant should closely collaborate during problem solving process to work the best out of their knowledge and experience. The relationship becomes equilibrated as knowledge and help are fairly exchanged. (Schon,1983) Furthermore, several models have been developed to gain valuable knowledge regarding how to improve cooperation between client and consultant. For example, the interpretive model established by Nikolova is to help clients and consultants to gain a better understanding of their interaction (Nikolova, 2007). Nikolova suggests that this model would be useful to explain the complexity of client-consultant relationship. This model emphasizes that clients have to be aware of the changing roles that consultants would play during the different phases of the project. This model was built based on prior generally accepted models: Expert model (O’Farrell and Moffat 1991 cited in Nikolova, 2007), critical model and reflective practitioner. It should make consultants and clients highly aware of undiscovered problems through their interactions during consultancy process. According to interpretative model, it is too simplistic to consider consultants as experts (expert model), impression managers (critical model), and reflective practitioners (reflective practitioner model). The play role of consultants depends on which context the they are in and which problems needed to be solved. For this matter of client/consultant relationship, McLachlin (1999) has several suggestions on some aspects that are necessary for a successful consulting project. Consultants must have strict discipline towards integrity in working for the best interest of clients . Besides, clients must also participate in the project and prepare a readiness to change. It is key that there are specific project requirements and expectations to be met. However, the Healix consulting project is more task-focused rather than based on expectations of the client. Schaffer (2002) also describes the â€Å"implementation gap†, which is the discrepancy between the client’s needed solution and the capability of the consultant to create that solution. He suggests that ? ve factors that most likely lead to â€Å"implementation gap† during consulting process: (1) consulting projects are de? ned and priced ased on the scope of work to be done by the consultants or the â€Å"product† delivered by the consultant, not in terms of speci? c results to be achieved; (2) project scope is focused mainly on the problem identification and solution recommendation with little consideration for the client’s capability and readiness to change; (3) the cons ultation aims for a radical solution rather than incremental value (4) The cooperation is more of a sharp division of responsibility between consultant and client rather than a solid collaboration from both sides; (5) instead of leveraged use, the consultancy make labor-intensive use of consultants. Conclusion As generally accepted, the way we as marketing consultants formulate the consulting process will affect the interaction and relationship between the consultant and client and consequently the outcome of the project. Based on multiple generally accepted empirical studies and models, it is suggested that consulting will produce good results if possessing the following success factors: Highly capable consultants; Great emphasis on client results/ satisfaction; Willingness from both sides for strong collaboration; Visible executive support; A solution adaptation that fits client capability and readiness; A full understanding of the client’s business environment. I understand that consulting approaches have to be customized based on out marketing expertise, thorough understanding of the client’s situation, intensive market research on the target market as well as an highly applicable marketing plan . Besides, the costs and benefits of client and consultant should be aligned by defining critical results with clear and measurable short-term goals. Therefore, we admit that our proposed marketing plan to Healix Risk Rating is very preminlinary and subjective due to the simplification of the scope of work and lack of interaction from the client.

Pericles Funeral Speech and Jefferson Declaration of Independence Essay Essays

Pericles Funeral Speech and Jefferson Declaration of Independence Essay Essays Pericles Funeral Speech and Jefferson Declaration of Independence Essay Essay Pericles Funeral Speech and Jefferson Declaration of Independence Essay Essay September 11. 2001. two planes crash into the World Trade Center. people plunging out Windowss to their deceases. a plane clangs into the Pentagon. highjackers overtaken by riders and crash the plane into a field in Pennsylvania. December 2003. mass Gravess uncovered in Iraq. regards of Saddam Husayn. May. 2004. a web page shows terrorists cutting off the caput of Nick Berg. August 2004. over 350 kids are executed by terrorists in a school in Russia. Democracy is being threatened by puzzling Zealots all over the universe. The United States have fought for Democracy as far back as the Revolutionary War. and both World Wars. Once once more our military is being asked to do the ultimate forfeit in the onslaught on democracy against these Zealots. Contending for democracy has been the cause of wars since the yearss of Pericles. Pericles provinces that â€Å"Our fundamental law does non seek to copy the Torahs of our neighbours ; we are an illustration to others. non impersonators of them† . During his clip there was normally one swayer that had the power over life and decease. the mass of people did non affair. In Athens this was far from the instance. Athens created its ain authorities. one that was for the people. and benefited the people. Pericles said with strong belief. â€Å"As far as public life is concerned. we live as free men† . The people of Athens had a authorities that supported them ; they were all equal in the eyes of the authorities. The metropolis of Athens stood by itself ; it needed no others to assist it. She left her gates unfastened to all and did non concern herself with excepting aliens. Her military stood entirely. Athens neer advanced into another district with Allies ; she did it entirely. He besides marvels in the fact that Athens does non populate for the fright of war. He states that they live free. but are ever ready if in danger. He even goes so far to state that his enemies are happy with a triumph over a little portion of the ground forces. Pericles praises Athens for her signifier of authorities – democracy – because it is merely in a democracy that citizens are encouraged to lend and take part in self-government. Democracy brings equality. merit brings public success. societal and economic mobility is encouraged. and the jurisprudence protects all: â€Å"We entirely see the adult male who refuses to take portion in metropolis personal businesss useless. † Pericles announces. And he gets in a excavation at Sparta by proudly proclaiming that â€Å"rather than look upon treatment as a stumbling-block in the manner of action. we think it is an indispensable preliminary to any wise action at all. † Pericles encourages his audience â€Å"to recognize the illustriousness of Athens† and bask everything the metropolis has to offer: â€Å"Further. we provide many ways to review the head from the loads of concern. We hold competitions and offer forfeits all the twelvemonth unit of ammunition. and the elegance of our private constitutions forms a day-to-day beginning of pleasance and helps to drive away sorrow. The magnitude of our metropolis draws the green goods of the universe into our seaport. so that to the Athenian the fruits of other states are as familiar a luxury as those of his ain. † What Pericles negotiations about in his address is about dimmed in importance by how he delivers the message. It is Pericles’ rhetoric that makes this address celebrated and the theoretical account for so many others in the class of history. Throughout his address. Pericles holds up glorification as the inducement for work forces to hotfoot to conflict for their freedom: Athens is a glorious metropolis because of the forfeits of old coevalss of work forces. and this coevals. excessively. must shoulder its load. And while contending for your state can assist convey about a triumph. it besides has the benefit of conveying you personal glorification. something Pericles believes can be gained in no other manner than by deceasing for your state: â€Å"Realize for yourself the power of Athens. and feed your eyes upon her twenty-four hours after twenty-four hours. till you become her devoted lover. Then. when all her illustriousness interruptions upon you. reflect that it was by bravery. sense of responsibility and a acute feeling of award in action that work forces were enabled to win all this. and that no personal failure in an endeavor could do them consent to strip their state of their heroism. but they laid it at her pess as the most glorious part they could offer. By this common offering of their lives made by them all. they each of them separately received that fame which neer grows old. For a burial chamber they have won non so much that grave in which their castanetss are here deposited. but that noblest of shrines wherein their glorification is laid up to be everlastingly remembered upon every juncture on which title or narrative shall fall for its memorialization. For heroes have the whole Earth for their grave. † Pericles’ address is surely persuasive. Its passion is based in world. It is a powerful to see a state mourn its war dead. In the terminal Pericles accomplishes his end to animate a metropolis in mass bereavement for its lost warriors. Woodrow Wilson was faced with a call to weaponries when in 1917 he proclaimed American entryway into World War I a campaign to do the universe â€Å"safe for democracy. † Pericles. in his funeral oration. negotiations of heroism as being really honest. He remarks that â€Å"Choosing to decease defying. instead than to populate submitting† is a bold and brave act and it deserves congratulations and glorification. He says the soldiers â€Å"fled merely from dishonour. but met danger face to face† . Abraham Lincoln was faced with a similar undertaking. The Gettysburg Address was delivered on November 19. 1863. at Gettysburg. Pennsylvania. during dedication of the Gettysburg National Cemetery. Lincoln’s address is more low than Pericles. but merely as passionate. He is careful in non adverting either side of the war ; he merely speaks of the state as a whole. â€Å"Now we are engaged in a great civil war. proving whether the state. or any state so conceived and so dedicated can long digest. We are met on a great battleground of that war. We have come to give a part of that field as the concluding resting-place for those who here gave their lives that this state might populate. † Lincoln pays testimonial to non merely the Union ground forces. but the Confederate as good. by stating â€Å"The brave work forces. life and dead. who struggled here. have consecrated it. far above our hapless power to add or take away. † There are obvious analogues between Pericles’ and Lincoln’s addresss. They both set out to carry through the same thing merely in different ways. Another celebrated author and bookman with a similar position of Athenian society. Sophocles. take to voice his sentiment through dramatist. Specifically in his two great calamities Oedipus the King and Antigone. Pericles and Sophocles. although coming from different terminals of the spectrum ( the aforementioned oratory or rhetoric and the latter fictional ) . both consider the person and the province in their plants and come to similar decisions with some exclusions. Pericles expresses his positions in his â€Å"Funeral Oration† . where he boasts of the great qualities of Athens. its citizens and soldiers. Sophocles injects his ideas and thoughts into his two chef-doeuvres. Oedipus the King and Antigone. In the undermentioned paper. I will compare the men’s thoughts and positions on the topic of the person and the province. In peculiar. their ideas on the importance of military excellence. award. bravery. and positions on adult females. Both work forces considered trueness in conflict and engagement in public affairs really of import. Harmonizing to Pericles. military accomplishments and awards make up for anything incorrect one does as a citizen ( for illustration. declining to take portion in metropolis personal businesss ) . The Greeks evidently looked upon excellence in the military really extremely. of all our neighbours. we entirely consider the adult male who refuses to take portion in metropolis personal businesss as useless†¦ . For there is justness in the claim that staunchness in his nation’s conflicts provides a cloak to cover a man’s other imperfectnesss ; the good action smudges out the bad. and his virtue as a citizen more than outweighs his m istakes as an person ( Pericles 58-59. 60 ) . Sophocles expresses similar positions on the affair in his drama Antigone. Creon negotiations of trueness to the province as holding arrant importance: As I see it. whoever assumes the undertaking. the amazing undertaking of puting the city’s class. and refuses to follow the soundest policies but fearing person. maintain his lips locked tight. he’s utterly worthless†¦ . But whoever proves his trueness to the province – I’ll award that adult male in decease every bit good as life ( Antigone 48-49 ) . Creon backs up his words with actions. He goes on to speak of Eteocles and Polynices. the two boies of Oedipus: Eteocles will be given a proper entombment. since he went down contending for Thebes. being loyal to his metropolis ; Polynices. on the other manus. committed lese majesty and went against everything Creon stands for and believes in. therefore â€Å"he must be left unburied. his cadaver carrion for the birds and Canis familiariss to rupture. an lewdness for the citizens to lay eyes on! These are my rules. Never at my custodies will the treasonist be honored above the patriot† ( Antigone 49 ) . As examined. nationalism was held really extremely by the Greeks. as seen in Pericles’s oration and Sophocles’s plays we once more come across an intersection in both statesmen’s thoughts. this clip on the topic of bravery. Pericles. in his funeral oration. negotiations of heroism as being really honest. He remarks that â€Å"Choosing to decease defying. i nstead than to populate submitting† ( Pericles 60 ) is a bold and brave act and it deserves congratulations and glorification. He says the soldiers â€Å"fled merely from dishonour. but met danger face to face† ( Pericles 60 ) . Make these features bring anyone we know to mind? The reply is yes. and two people come to mind: Antigone and Oedipus. Sophocles’s diacetylmorphine ( Antigone ) is the ultimate illustration of the topic Pericles discusses. True. Antigone was non a soldier. but she went against her uncle’s beliefs and bids. and did what was right harmonizing to the Gods. In burying her brother and so denoting her actions to the universe. she â€Å"fled merely from dishonour. but met danger face to face. † Antigone questioned Creon and proudly stated she was the wrongdoer. and did non repent her actions. Oedipus. alternatively of giving in to destine. combat it for every bit long as he could until destine eventually all in him. Although it seems that Sophocles Hagiographas parallel Pericles positions on women’s lower status. certain extracts provide a footing that Sop hocles’ positions contradict those presented in the Funeral Oration. Pericles provinces. â€Å"if I must state anything on the topic of female excellence†¦ . Great will be your glorification in non falling short of your natural character ; and greatest will be hers who is least talked of among the work forces whether for good or for bad† ( Pericles 61-62 ) . In an extract from Sophocles’ Oedipus the King. it is seen that Oedipus gives great weight to Jocasta’s sentiment. Oedipus compares narratives with Jocasta on the decease of the male monarch. He listens to Jocasta’s side of the narrative. non seting her in a low-level place or looking at her as inferior ( Oedipus the King 23 ) . In Summation. Pericles and Sophocles ( although coming from different terminals of the spectrum ) both consider the person and the province in their plants and come to similar decisions with some exclusions on the different facets of the relationship. They both praise trueness. engagement in province personal businesss. and honest decease. To observe. in my research I found more look of Sophocles’s positions which correlate with Pericles’s in Antigone and non so much in Oedipus the King. All three of three of the pieces were written in times when the definition of freedom. independency. democracy were still new and non good defined in their several societies. But still in each piece the message is similar and really clear. That message is that it is necessary and good for people to give themselves for their beliefs and the good of their society.

English literature unit 1 assignment 2 Essays

English literature unit 1 assignment 2 Essays English literature unit 1 assignment 2 Essay English literature unit 1 assignment 2 Essay The women in Spies are mainly presented through the eyes of the younger Stephan, whose growing maturity means that his views often change throughout the novel. It is important to note that his views may be mixed due to the nature of the main women in the text; Mrs Hayward and Barbara Berrill; they do not portray the typical attitudes of women in the 1940 era.Stephens particular attention to Mrs Hayward when comparing their families greatness to his own is important, because it shows early on that he notices things about women that he finds particularly remarkable; this is apparent when the older Stephan ponders whether his younger self would have perceived the grace and sincerity of Keiths mother quite so clearly if his own hadnt spent most of the day in a faded apron, sighing and anxious? It is clear that Stephen admires Mrs Hayward for her social appearance amongst the women of the era. The attention to details of Mrs Hayward such as her perfectly plucked ey ebrows is a clear indication that the admiration of her by Stephan soon turns to fixation as he steps into the world of adolescence, she represents the older woman out of reach.Although Frayn frequently portrays Stephens dislike of women, there are many contradictions where he is showing affection for them; particularly Mrs Hayward and Barbara. Stephens first introduction of Barbara is very negative and dismissive. He introduces her as one of the children in the close, she is beneath our notice, sly and treacherous as most girls are. When she enters the den Stephen is shocked and outraged that she crossed the line into the boys world. As her presence in the den continues theres a difference in Stephen as he begins to accept that mankind and womankind are related.As Stephen enters adolescence he begins to notice things about Barbara, that as of her first visit to the den changed. Frayn tries to make this clear by the in depth, positive descriptions of her, even when Stephen protested he didnt like her. Theres something girlishly self satisfying about the bobliness of the leather and the shininess of the purse that offends me almost as much as her intrusion.Frayns theme of domination in the text is well expressed through his presentation of the women in the text. We have Barbaras superiority over Stephan. An example of her intellectual superiority is when she was mocking Stephen, you mean you dont know what privet is? she exerts her physical superiority over Stephen when she effortlessly pushes him over and pins him down to get a look into the basket. Similarly Mrs Hayward, as Barbara did, recognises the mistake made by Keith about the spelling of the sign very thoughtful of you chaps to put that label on it, meaning that she believes that the boys merely labelled the hedge. She also expresses her control over Stephen, making it clear to him that she controls his friendship with Keith, I dont want to have to stop him seeing you. It is made obvious that she is ve ry persuasive. When she is in need of something from Stephen, she uses persuasive language to encourage him to trust her so you see Im trusting you, Im putting you on your honour, this is to the point and forceful but in a soft tone that Stephen can find calming, something that he wont fear but admire.In contradiction the women also show weakness. Barbara shows signs of submissiveness when her mother calls her in and threatens her if shes late. When Keiths father comes to talk to Stephen, Barbara also shows fear as she cowers away. The biggest example of submissive behaviour from the women in the story are that of Mrs Hayward; on the surface she is an assertive, well presented woman who takes pride in her appearance physically and communally. But beneath the surface is a maze of physical abuse and male dominance. As the first signs of domestic abuse within the Hayward house become apparent, the reader is convinced that Mr Hayward is a dominant and unpleasant individual. Stephen noti ces that on occasions Mrs Hayward is made up more heavily than usual and wears high cravats that cover her neck, probably to cover any visible signs of abuse.In conclusion Frayn portrays the women in the text as superior mentally and intellectually to the males. However it is also important to see them as submissive, it plays a large role within the text. In my opinion this technique used by frayn of having the aspects of the women tells the story, brings the concepts of modern and olden day living together. This creates realism for the reader to develop and create a mental picture of what may have gone on with the women during this time within the story.

Blogging and Privacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Blogging and Privacy - Essay Example Ellen Simonetti (2004), a Delta Air Lines flight attendant, for example, was fired after she posted some problematic photos of herself in uniform on her blog. Simonetti might want to show her blogger friends her daily life as a flight attendant through those pictures, but unfortunately, her pictures became a reason for losing her job. In general, visiting Simonetti's blog and looking up her pictures are exactly what most bloggers usually do. Yet, if someone would report her pictures to somebody without her permission, and so Simonetti might lose her job, this is certainly a violation of her privacy. If so, in what ways might Simonetti protect her personal information and privacy Regardless of any possible personal security issue, the number of blogs is still steadily increasing, and the purposes of using blogs is becoming more diversified from one blog to another blog. Hence, taking such diversity into account, bloggers must carefully consider the level of disclosure of personal information based on the content posted and the targeted audience. The rest of this analytic argumentative paper is organized as following. In the first two sections, two opposite tendencies of current bloggers towards their personal information, such as disclosing versus anonymity or hiding, are discussed with benefits and disadvantages. Then, in the next paragraph, it suggested way to efficiently manage such personal information problem in blogging will be addressed. Lastly, another helpful suggestion is explained while concluding this essay. Most of the bloggers reveal their personal information about themselves on blogs. Especially, young generation has a propensity to disclose their personal information. According to a research conducted by David A. Huffaker, Ph.D. student at Northwestern University, and Sandra L. Calvert, professor of Psychology at Georgetown University," Many teen bloggers expose their first name (70%), age (67%), and contact information (61%) as an email address" (2005, para.10). The reason why teen bloggers reveal such personal information often seems unintentional. This is just because their purpose of maintaining blogs is often to establish a close relationship with other bloggers. By sharing such type of personal information given above, the teen bloggers match the age groups that they want, and keep in touch with each other outside the blogs, too. From this point of view, blogs are an extension of the real world to teenagers in which they make more friends and share a matter of daily life. In addition to disclosing personal information, however, they also post diaries and photos which altogether have a chance of causing a security problem as which happened to Simonetti, a fired stewardess mentioned above. In regard to this issue, Mr. Henry G. Rhone, a vice provost at Virginia Commonwealth University, asserted that "[teen bloggers] have never had any problems with [their personal information and contents on their blogs], so they just assume that when they're online, they're safe" (quoted in Read, 2006, para. 17). As Mr. Rhone pointed out, Simonetti's case is rarely happened phenomenon for bloggers to realize its

The Leadership Experience Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Leadership Experience - Term Paper Example A directive autocratic style is where managers make decisions unilaterally and closely monitors subordinates whereas a permissive autocratic is where managers make decision unilaterally but allows subordinates to have autonomy in performing their duties. Therefore, in this management style, all decisions made reflect the perceptions and personality of the manager. It is a directive leadership which alienates subordinates from participating in the decision making process. On the contrary, democratic style is where the manager engages subordinates and encourages them to participate in the decision making process. A democrat shares responsibility of making decisions with employees and this motivates them and makes them feel that their opinions are valued. This paper discusses and compares management styles based on Michael Hopkins and Marc Ballon’s articles focusing on the form of leadership of Bloomberg and Jack Hartnett respectively. Michael Bloomberg is the manager and founder of the News Service Bloomberg Inc, a company that casts global news and information. His major concern is company loyalty and so he does not freely or easily relate with those who quits the company. He definitely does not get disturbed if an employee approaches him and informs him about his resignation. However, Bloomberg will not even shake his workers’ hand if they quit and will never consider re-hiring a person after they quit. He does not rehire individuals. Bloomberg and Jack Hartnett respectively.